Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Pathology as a scientific discipline developed through key discoveries by pioneering scientists who established its foundational theories.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us identify the contributions of each scientist:
- Robert Koch: Widely recognized as the father of modern bacteriology; discovered the causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax, and formulated Koch's postulates.
- Rudolf Virchow: Celebrated as the "Father of Cellular Pathology". He proposed the landmark cell theory concept Omnis cellula e cellula (every cell originates from another cell) and established that diseases arise primarily at the cellular level.
- John Hunter: Famous Scottish surgeon who established the scientific foundation of modern surgery and pathology.
- Elie Metchnikoff: Discovered phagocytosis and is regarded as the father of cellular immunology.
Therefore, Rudolf Virchow is the father of cellular pathology.
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (B).