Question

Which one of the following protein sources contains gossypol?

• A. Cottonseed cake
• B. Groundnut cake
• C. Mustard cake
• D. Soybean cake

Hint:

Oilseed Antinutritional Factors:
Cottonseed meal = GOSSYPOL (Detoxify with $\text{FeSO}_4$).
Mustard cake = Glucosinolates Allyl isothiocyanate.
Raw Soybean = Trypsin Inhibitors (Kunitz/Bowman-Birk).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Toxic polyphenolic pigments in oilseed by-products: cottonseed meal contains free gossypol, a toxic dialdehyde that binds lysine and causes cardiac and reproductive toxicity in monogastrics.
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Free Gossypol } (\text{C}_{30}\text{H}_{30}\text{O}_8) + \text{Dietary Iron (FeSO}_4, 1:1 \text{ ratio)} \longrightarrow \text{Non-toxic Insoluble Chelate} \]

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Antinutritional factors in oilseed meals:
1. Cottonseed Cake (Meal): Contains Gossypol (a toxic polyphenolic binaphthyl dialdehyde pigment located in the pigment glands of Gossypium seeds). Free gossypol binds epsilon-amino groups of lysine (reducing protein quality), causes olive-green egg yolk discoloration in layers, and induces cardiac failure and spermatogenic arrest in non-ruminants (detoxified by adding ferrous sulfate $\text{FeSO}_4$).
2. Groundnut Cake: Aflatoxins.
3. Mustard Cake: Glucosinolates Erucic acid.
4. Soybean Cake: Trypsin inhibitors Lectins.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Thus, Cottonseed cake contains gossypol, corresponding to option (A).