Question

Which one of the following is related to the traditional notion of security ?

• A. Russia – Ukraine War
• B. Continuous rise in the global temperature
• C. 9/11 attack on USA
• D. Spread of COVID-19 epidemic in the world

Hint:

Traditional Security = Military threats between nation-states over borders/sovereignty. Non-Traditional Security = Global threats like pandemics, terrorism, poverty, and climate change.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: The concept of security is categorized into two broad frameworks: 1. Traditional Security: Focuses on state-centric, external military threats to national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence. It involves military deterrence, defense, balance of power, and alliance building. 2. Non-Traditional Security: Focuses on broader threats to human existence beyond state borders, such as climate change, terrorism, pandemics, and economic insecurity.

Step 1: Evaluating non-traditional options.
- Global warming (Option B) is an environmental global threat.
- 9/11 attacks (Option C) represents non-state international terrorism, which falls under non-traditional human security threats.
- COVID-19 epidemic (Option D) is a health pandemic threat affecting human security globally.

Step 2: Evaluating traditional option.
The Russia-Ukraine conflict involves state-on-state conventional warfare, foreign military aggression, invasion of sovereign territory, defense strategies, and national border integrity. Therefore, it directly falls under the traditional notion of external security.