Which of the following statements are true while comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes
A. Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes.
B. Nuclear material is linear in both.
C. Meiosis is characteristic of eukaryotes.
D. Genetic exchange occurs in both.
E. Nuclear membrane is present in both.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A. Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes, eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes.
B. Nuclear material is linear in both.
C. Meiosis is characteristic of eukaryotes.
D. Genetic exchange occurs in both.
E. Nuclear membrane is present in both.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
Eukaryotes = EU (True) + DO (Do have nucleus/organelles).
- A, C and D only
- A, B, C, D only
- A, B, D, E only
- A, C, E only
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The question asks for a comparison of structural and functional traits between prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacteria) and eukaryotic cells (e.g., plants, animals, fungi).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
• Ribosomes (A): Prokaryotes contain 70S ribosomes (30S and 50S subunits). Eukaryotes contain 80S ribosomes in their cytoplasm (40S and 60S subunits). (Note: Eukaryotic organelles like mitochondria have 70S). Thus, Statement A is True.
• Nuclear Material (B): In prokaryotes, DNA is usually circular and free-floating (nucleoid). In eukaryotes, DNA is linear and associated with histones. Thus, Statement B is False.
• Meiosis (C): Meiosis is the specialized cell division for sexual reproduction involving chromosome pairing and reduction. This only occurs in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes divide by binary fission. Thus, Statement C is True.
• Genetic Exchange (D): Eukaryotes exchange genes via sexual reproduction. Prokaryotes have "parasexual" mechanisms for genetic exchange, such as conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Thus, Statement D is True.
• Nuclear Membrane (E): This is the defining difference. Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus; prokaryotes do not (pro = before, karyon = nucleus). Thus, Statement E is False.
Final Answer:
Statements A, C, and D are correct descriptions of the similarities and differences.
The correct option is (A).
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Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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