Question:
Which of the following post-paper manufacturing operations results in rendering the paper sheet more resistant to penetration of liquids, particularly water?
Which of the following post-paper manufacturing operations results in rendering the paper sheet more resistant to penetration of liquids, particularly water?
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Sizing is the chemical process of adding hydrophobic substances to paper to control its water absorption, while calendering is a purely mechanical smoothing process.
Updated On: Aug 7, 2026
- Calendering
- Supercalendering
- Sizing
- Pigmenting
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Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Unfinished paper is highly porous and hydrophilic due to the capillary action of its cellulose fibers.
To make paper suitable for packaging liquids or moist foods, it must undergo treatment to reduce its rate of water absorption.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the post-manufacturing operations listed:
- Calendering and Supercalendering: These are mechanical rolling processes where the paper sheet is pressed between heavy rollers to smooth the surface, increase gloss, and control thickness.
They do not change the chemical resistance of the fibers to water.
- Pigmenting: This involves applying a layer of pigment (such as clay or titanium dioxide) to improve opacity and printability, but does not provide a water barrier.
- Sizing: This is the process of applying chemical agents (such as rosin, starch, or synthetic polymers) to the paper.
These sizing agents coat the cellulose fibers, increasing their surface contact angle and filling the pores.
This treatment significantly reduces the capillary absorption of water, making the paper resistant to liquid penetration.
Therefore, sizing is the operation used to render paper resistant to water.
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (C).
Unfinished paper is highly porous and hydrophilic due to the capillary action of its cellulose fibers.
To make paper suitable for packaging liquids or moist foods, it must undergo treatment to reduce its rate of water absorption.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the post-manufacturing operations listed:
- Calendering and Supercalendering: These are mechanical rolling processes where the paper sheet is pressed between heavy rollers to smooth the surface, increase gloss, and control thickness.
They do not change the chemical resistance of the fibers to water.
- Pigmenting: This involves applying a layer of pigment (such as clay or titanium dioxide) to improve opacity and printability, but does not provide a water barrier.
- Sizing: This is the process of applying chemical agents (such as rosin, starch, or synthetic polymers) to the paper.
These sizing agents coat the cellulose fibers, increasing their surface contact angle and filling the pores.
This treatment significantly reduces the capillary absorption of water, making the paper resistant to liquid penetration.
Therefore, sizing is the operation used to render paper resistant to water.
Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (C).
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