Question:
Which of the following is the main source of hardness in natural water?
Which of the following is the main source of hardness in natural water?
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Memory Tip: Hardness of water mainly comes from Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$ salts.
Updated On: Jun 9, 2026
- Dissolved oxygen
- Sodium salts
- Calcium and magnesium salts
- Suspended solids
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Water hardness is caused by dissolved multivalent metal ions, mainly calcium and magnesium ions.
Step 1:
Hard water does not lather easily with soap and forms scum during washing.
Step 2:
The chief ions causing hardness are Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$.
Step 3:
Bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates of calcium and magnesium commonly occur in natural water.
Step 4:
Dissolved oxygen, sodium salts, and suspended solids do not mainly produce hardness.
Step 5:
Hence, the main source of hardness is calcium and magnesium salts.
Water hardness is caused by dissolved multivalent metal ions, mainly calcium and magnesium ions.
Step 1:
Hard water does not lather easily with soap and forms scum during washing.
Step 2:
The chief ions causing hardness are Ca$^{2+}$ and Mg$^{2+}$.
Step 3:
Bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates of calcium and magnesium commonly occur in natural water.
Step 4:
Dissolved oxygen, sodium salts, and suspended solids do not mainly produce hardness.
Step 5:
Hence, the main source of hardness is calcium and magnesium salts.
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