Question:
Which of the following is not essential for the microbial cell survival?
Which of the following is not essential for the microbial cell survival?
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In laboratory research, bacteria can be deliberately "cured" of their plasmids (using chemical agents or heat) without affecting their basic viability.
This confirms that plasmids are accessory genetic elements rather than essential core genomic structures.
This confirms that plasmids are accessory genetic elements rather than essential core genomic structures.
Updated On: Aug 20, 2026
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Cytoplasm
- Plasmids
- Golgi apparatus
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Microorganisms contain essential structural and genetic components required for replication and metabolism, as well as accessory non-essential elements.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Cytoplasm: The cellular fluid containing enzymes and ribosomes, absolutely essential for all life.
- Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus: While only present in eukaryotic microbes (yeasts, molds) and completely absent in prokaryotes (bacteria), they are structurally essential for those eukaryotic cells.
- Plasmids: These are small, circular, double-stranded, extrachromosomal DNA molecules found primarily in bacteria.
Plasmids replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.
They carry accessory genes (such as antibiotic resistance, bacteriocin production, or toxin genes) that provide selective survival advantages in specific hostile environments.
However, they are completely non-essential for the basic survival, growth, and replication of the microbial cell under standard nutrient-rich conditions.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The component that is not essential for survival is Plasmids, which corresponds to option (C).
Microorganisms contain essential structural and genetic components required for replication and metabolism, as well as accessory non-essential elements.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Cytoplasm: The cellular fluid containing enzymes and ribosomes, absolutely essential for all life.
- Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus: While only present in eukaryotic microbes (yeasts, molds) and completely absent in prokaryotes (bacteria), they are structurally essential for those eukaryotic cells.
- Plasmids: These are small, circular, double-stranded, extrachromosomal DNA molecules found primarily in bacteria.
Plasmids replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.
They carry accessory genes (such as antibiotic resistance, bacteriocin production, or toxin genes) that provide selective survival advantages in specific hostile environments.
However, they are completely non-essential for the basic survival, growth, and replication of the microbial cell under standard nutrient-rich conditions.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The component that is not essential for survival is Plasmids, which corresponds to option (C).
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