Question

Which of the following is another name for Hinayana Buddhism ?

• A. \( \text{Vajrayana} \)
• B. \( \text{Mahayana} \)
• C. \( \text{Theravada} \)
• D. \( \text{Zen} \)

Hint:

• Theravada Buddhism uses the Pali Canon (Tipitaka) as its primary sacred text.
• It is the dominant form of religion in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept:

• Buddhism split into various sects over centuries due to differences in the interpretation of the Buddha's teachings and monastic rules.
• The major early split resulted in the formation of the Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle) and Mahayana (Great Vehicle) traditions.
• Hinayana practitioners focused on individual salvation and followed the original, simpler teachings of the Buddha.

Step 1: Understanding the origin of the term 'Hinayana'
The term "Hinayana" was actually coined by the followers of the Mahayana sect to describe those who followed the older, more orthodox tradition.
The followers of this older tradition did not refer to themselves as Hinayana; instead, they called their school "Theravada," which literally translates to "The Way of the Elders."
Theravada is considered the most ancient and orthodox branch of Buddhism existing today.

Step 2: Evaluating the other options provided

• Vajrayana: Also known as the "Diamond Vehicle," this is a later form of Buddhism that involves tantric practices and is prominent in Tibet and Mongolia.
• Mahayana: This sect believes in the concept of Bodhisattvas and treats the Buddha as a god-like figure. It is the "Great Vehicle" and is distinct from Hinayana.
• Zen: This is a specific school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China (as Chan) and became highly influential in Japan, focusing on meditation (Zazen). Since Theravada is the traditional name for the school categorized under the Hinayana umbrella, Option (C) is correct.