Step 1: Concept Precipitation hardening, also known as age hardening, is the primary strengthening mechanism for non-ferrous alloys like Al-Cu.
Step 2: Meaning The process involves solutionizing, quenching, and then aging to form fine precipitates that hinder dislocation movement.
Step 3: Analysis Martempering and austempering are specialized quenching techniques for steels to form martensite or bainite. Al-Cu alloys do not undergo these transformations; instead, they rely on the controlled precipitation of the $\theta$ ($CuAl_{2}$) phase.
Step 4: Conclusion Therefore, age hardening is the designated heat treatment for achieving high strength in Al-Cu alloys.
Final Answer: (D)