Question:
Use of oral contraceptive pills is known to protect against all of the following malignancies except:
Use of oral contraceptive pills is known to protect against all of the following malignancies except:
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OCPs lower ovarian and endometrial cancer risk but do nothing against HPV driven cervical cancer.
Updated On: Jul 8, 2026
- Ovarian carcinoma
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Uterine sarcoma
- Carcinoma cervix
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
Combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) lower the risk of some cancers by suppressing ovulation and thinning the endometrium. We need the one cancer among the four options that OCPs do NOT protect against.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
OCPs are well known to cut the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, because they reduce the number of ovulations and keep the endometrium thin. They have no proven protective effect against uterine sarcoma. For the cervix, OCP use does not protect it, and long term use is actually linked with a small rise in cervical cancer risk, likely because it does not block HPV, the main cause of cervical cancer.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Ovarian carcinoma: stopping ovulation each month means fewer cycles of surface epithelial repair, and this repeated repair is thought to drive ovarian cancer, so OCPs protect against it.
Endometrial carcinoma: the progestin in OCPs keeps the endometrium thin and opposes the growth effect of estrogen, so long term users have a lower risk of endometrial cancer.
Uterine sarcoma: this cancer arises from the muscle or connective tissue of the uterus, not the lining, and OCPs have no established protective role here.
Carcinoma cervix: this is caused mainly by persistent HPV infection. OCPs do nothing to stop HPV, and some studies even link long term OCP use with a mild rise in cervical cancer risk, possibly because the pill changes the surface of the cervix (ectropion) or because pill users may skip barrier contraception.
Step 4: Final Answer:
OCPs protect against ovarian and endometrial cancer, do not protect against uterine sarcoma, and in particular do not protect against carcinoma of the cervix, and may even raise its risk slightly.
\[ \boxed{\text{Carcinoma cervix}} \]
Combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) lower the risk of some cancers by suppressing ovulation and thinning the endometrium. We need the one cancer among the four options that OCPs do NOT protect against.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
OCPs are well known to cut the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, because they reduce the number of ovulations and keep the endometrium thin. They have no proven protective effect against uterine sarcoma. For the cervix, OCP use does not protect it, and long term use is actually linked with a small rise in cervical cancer risk, likely because it does not block HPV, the main cause of cervical cancer.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Ovarian carcinoma: stopping ovulation each month means fewer cycles of surface epithelial repair, and this repeated repair is thought to drive ovarian cancer, so OCPs protect against it.
Endometrial carcinoma: the progestin in OCPs keeps the endometrium thin and opposes the growth effect of estrogen, so long term users have a lower risk of endometrial cancer.
Uterine sarcoma: this cancer arises from the muscle or connective tissue of the uterus, not the lining, and OCPs have no established protective role here.
Carcinoma cervix: this is caused mainly by persistent HPV infection. OCPs do nothing to stop HPV, and some studies even link long term OCP use with a mild rise in cervical cancer risk, possibly because the pill changes the surface of the cervix (ectropion) or because pill users may skip barrier contraception.
Step 4: Final Answer:
OCPs protect against ovarian and endometrial cancer, do not protect against uterine sarcoma, and in particular do not protect against carcinoma of the cervix, and may even raise its risk slightly.
\[ \boxed{\text{Carcinoma cervix}} \]
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