Question

To what extent was the Non-Cooperation Movement successful in mobilizing the masses against the British rule ? Explain with suitable examples.

Hint:

The Khilafat issue was a significant factor in bringing the Muslim community into the movement. Gandhiji intended for the movement to remain strictly 'Non-violent' (Ahimsa).

Answer 1

Concept:

• The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) marked the first time the Indian National Movement adopted a mass-based approach.
• It involved the boycott of British institutions and the promotion of 'Swadeshi'.

Step 1: Mass participation
Students left government schools, and lawyers boycotted the courts. People burned foreign clothes, and picketing of liquor shops became widespread.
It successfully engaged diverse sections of society—peasants, workers, and students—across the length and breadth of India.

Step 2: Extent of success and limitations
The movement crippled the British administrative machinery and boosted national confidence.
However, it was limited by the reliance on existing professional institutions and the sudden suspension following the Chauri Chaura incident, which showed the challenges of controlling mass intensity.