Immunity in our body is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) acquired immunity. Innate immunity is a non-specific defence mechanism, whereas acquired immunity is pathogen-specific; it is called specific immunity too. Acquired immunity is characterised by memory. Antibodies are specific to antigens and there are different types of antibodies produced in our body: they are IgA, IgE, IgG and IgM. It shows primary response when it encounters the pathogen for the first time and secondary response during the subsequent encounters with the same Antigen/Pathogen.
(a) Name the two types of specialised cells which carry out the primary and secondary immune response.
(b) Why is the antibody-mediated immunity also called as humoral immune response?
Attempt either sub-part (c) or (d):
(c) The organ transplants are often rejected if taken from suitable compatible persons.
(i) Mention the characteristic of our immune system that is responsible for the graft rejection.
(ii) Name the type of immune response and the cell involved in it.
OR
(d) How is active immunity different from passive immunity?
Student to attempt either option (A) or (B).
(A) Describe any two situations where a medical doctor would recommend injection of pre-formed antibodies (antitoxins) into the body of a patient.
OR
(B) The symptoms of malaria do not appear immediately after the entry of sporozoites into the human body when bitten by female Anopheles mosquito. Explain why it happens.
Bittu and Chintu were partners in a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 4:3. Their Balance Sheet as at 31st March, 2024 was as
On $1^{\text {st }}$ April, 2024, Diya was admitted in the firm for $\frac{1}{7}$ share in the profits on the following terms:
Prepare Revaluation Account and Partners' Capital Accounts.
(a) Calculate the standard Gibbs energy (\(\Delta G^\circ\)) of the following reaction at 25°C:
\(\text{Au(s) + Ca\(^{2+}\)(1M) $\rightarrow$ Au\(^{3+}\)(1M) + Ca(s)} \)
\(\text{E\(^\circ_{\text{Au}^{3+}/\text{Au}} = +1.5 V, E\)\(^\circ_{\text{Ca}^{2+}/\text{Ca}} = -2.87 V\)}\)
\(\text{1 F} = 96500 C mol^{-1}\)