Question

Which of the following is not correct about the Family Courts Act, 1984?

• A. The Act intends to promote conciliation and secure speedy settlement of disputes.
• B. The appointment of counsellors in family courts is determined by the State Government in consultation with the High Court.
• C. The duty of the Family Court is to arrive at a settlement between the parties where it is possible and consistent with the nature and circumstances of the case.
• D. A person can be appointed as a judge of the Family Court after the attainment of sixty-two years of age.
• A. Sanjiv Prakash v. Seema Kukreja, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 282.
• B. Khushi Ram v. Nawal Singh, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 128.
• C. Aman Lohia v. Kiran Lohia, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 224.
• D. Gurmeet Pal Singh v. State of Punjab, (2018) 7 SCC 260.
• A. Non-compliance of the prescribed mandatory procedure and infraction of principles of natural justice is not a technical irregularity which can be overlooked by family courts.
• B. In divorce proceedings, it is the duty of family courts to mandatorily conduct mediation between the parties.
• C. Non-compliance of the prescribed mandatory procedure and infraction of principles of natural justice is a technical irregularity which can be overlooked by family courts.
• D. Family Courts ought not to examine matters after giving due opportunity to both sides on their own merits and in accordance with law.
• A. Convenience of the court.
• B. Fair procedure and natural justice.
• C. International conventions.
• D. Convenience of the parties.
• A. The proceedings must always be held in camera.
• B. The Act provides that if the Family Court considers it necessary in the interest of justice, it may seek the assistance of a legal expert as amicus curiae.
• C. The proceedings may be held in camera depending on the desire of court and the party concerned.
• D. Family Court may secure the services of a medical expert if required.
• A. Divorce under Hindu Law.
• B. Nikah as per Muslim Personal Law.
• C. Marriage under Special Marriage Act, 1954.
• D. Adoption under Hindu Law.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Purpose of the Family Courts Act, 1984.
The Act was enacted to promote conciliation and secure speedy settlement of disputes relating to marriage and family affairs. Therefore, (A) is correct.
Step 2: Appointment of counsellors.
Section 6 of the Act states that counsellors are appointed by the State Government in consultation with the High Court — hence, (B) is correct.
Step 3: Duty of the Family Court.
Under Section 9, it is the duty of the court to make efforts for settlement between parties wherever possible — thus, (C) is correct.
Step 4: Age limit for appointment of judges.
Section 4 provides that a person may be appointed as a judge of a Family Court before the age of sixty-two years; after this age, appointment is not permitted. Option (D) incorrectly states “after attainment”, making it wrong.
\[ \boxed{\text{D}} \]

Answer 2

The question asks which statement about the Family Courts Act, 1984 is NOT correct.

1. Option A: The Act's stated objective is to promote conciliation and secure speedy settlement of disputes relating to marriage and family affairs, so this statement matches the Act's purpose.
2. Option B: Counsellors attached to family courts are appointed by the State Government in consultation with the High Court, which is correctly stated here.
3. Option C: Family courts are indeed under a duty to make efforts to arrive at a settlement between the parties, consistent with the nature and circumstances of the case, so this statement is accurate.
4. Option D: The Act sets an upper age limit for appointment as a family court judge, and a person can be appointed only before attaining sixty-two years of age, not after. This option reverses that limit, describing appointment as permissible only after crossing that age, which is incorrect.

Since A, B and C each correctly describe the Act while D inverts the age qualification for appointment, D is the false statement.

Hence, the correct answer is Option D: A person can be appointed as a judge of the Family Court after the attainment of sixty-two years of age.

Answer 3

Step 1: Identify the theme of the excerpt.
The passage emphasizes the Family Court’s obligation to follow proper procedure, frame issues, take evidence, and ensure fairness while aiming for speedy settlement — all hallmarks of proceedings under the Family Courts Act.
Step 2: Match with case law.
The case Aman Lohia v. Kiran Lohia (2021) SCC OnLine SC 224 dealt with the procedural and adjudicatory role of Family Courts in matrimonial disputes, reflecting exactly the points mentioned in the excerpt.
Step 3: Eliminate distractors.
- (A) concerns arbitration agreements — unrelated.
- (B) is about property law/adverse possession — unrelated.
- (D) deals with criminal law — unrelated.
\[ \boxed{\text{C}} \]

Answer 4

The excerpt describes the adjudicatory nature of Family Court proceedings, the requirement of formal pleadings, framing of issues, recording of evidence, and fair notice to parties, so the question is to identify the judgment discussing this procedural role.

1. Option A: Sanjiv Prakash v. Seema Kukreja is concerned with arbitration agreements and the scope of arbitral jurisdiction, an entirely different area from family court procedure.
2. Option B: Khushi Ram v. Nawal Singh deals with property law, specifically adverse possession, and has nothing to do with family court adjudication.
3. Option C: Aman Lohia v. Kiran Lohia examined how family courts must conduct matrimonial proceedings, emphasising formal pleadings, framing of issues, taking of evidence, and adherence to natural justice before a decision is rendered, which matches the excerpt closely.
4. Option D: Gurmeet Pal Singh v. State of Punjab is a criminal law matter unrelated to family court procedure.

Since only Aman Lohia v. Kiran Lohia engages with the procedural obligations of family courts described in the excerpt, it is the matching judgment.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C: Aman Lohia v. Kiran Lohia, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 224.

Answer 5

Step 1: Understanding the excerpt.
The passage stresses that Family Courts must strictly follow statutory procedure and principles of natural justice when resolving disputes.
Step 2: Key judicial observation.
The Supreme Court has held that failure to comply with mandatory procedure and natural justice is a substantive irregularity, not a mere technical lapse that can be ignored.
Step 3: Elimination of wrong options.
- (B) is too specific and not stated in the excerpt.
- (C) says it is a technical irregularity — contrary to the judgment.
- (D) contradicts the excerpt's emphasis on due procedure and merits.
\[ \boxed{\text{A}} \]

Answer 6

The excerpt stresses that family courts must adhere to prescribed procedure and natural justice, so the question tests which conclusion the Supreme Court actually drew from that requirement.

1. Option A: This states that failing to follow the mandatory procedure and breaching natural justice is not a mere technical irregularity that can be overlooked, treating it instead as a substantive defect. This matches the thrust of the excerpt, which insists on strict adherence to fair procedure.
2. Option B: The excerpt does not single out mandatory mediation in divorce proceedings as the specific holding being described; that is a distinct and narrower proposition not reflected in the passage.
3. Option C: This option is the direct opposite of what the excerpt supports, treating the same non-compliance as a mere technical irregularity that can be excused, which contradicts the emphasis on strict procedural compliance.
4. Option D: This option suggests family courts should not examine matters on their merits after giving both sides a hearing, which runs contrary to the excerpt's description of an adjudicatory process that does examine claims on their merits after due opportunity.

Only the statement that procedural and natural-justice violations are substantive, not technical, defects aligns with the excerpt's emphasis on fairness and formal process.

Hence, the correct answer is Option A: Non-compliance of the prescribed mandatory procedure and infraction of principles of natural justice is not a technical irregularity which can be overlooked by family courts.

Answer 7

Step 1: Link to excerpt.
The excerpt explicitly mentions the Family Court must adhere to statute norms and foundational principles of fairness of procedure and natural justice.
Step 2: Elimination of incorrect choices.
Options (A), (C), and (D) are not stated in the text. Only (B) directly matches. \[ \boxed{\text{B}} \]

Answer 8

This question asks what, besides adherence to statutory norms, the Family Court must also observe when adjudicating matrimonial disputes according to the excerpt.

1. Option A: The excerpt makes no reference to the court's own convenience as a governing consideration in adjudication, so this option is not supported by the passage.
2. Option B: The excerpt expressly states that the Family Court must adhere not only to the statute but also to the foundational principle of fairness of procedure and natural justice, so this option directly reproduces the excerpt's own words.
3. Option C: International conventions are not mentioned anywhere in the passage as a standard the Family Court must follow.
4. Option D: The convenience of the parties is likewise absent from the excerpt; the passage instead speaks of fairness of procedure, not convenience.

Since the passage names only fairness of procedure and natural justice as the second consideration alongside statutory norms, that is the only option grounded in the text.

Hence, the correct answer is Option B: Fair procedure and natural justice.

Answer 9

Step 1: Legal position under the Family Courts Act.
Section 11 of the Family Courts Act provides that proceedings may be held in camera if the court so desires or either party requests — not “must always”.
Step 2: Why (A) is wrong.
The word “always” makes (A) incorrect because in-camera proceedings are discretionary, not mandatory.
Step 3: Verifying other options.
(B), (C), and (D) are consistent with statutory provisions. \[ \boxed{\text{A}} \]

Answer 10

This question asks you to identify the one inaccurate statement about how Family Court proceedings are conducted, so each option needs to be tested against the actual language of the Family Courts Act, 1984 rather than general assumptions about family law privacy.

1. Option A: States that proceedings must always be held in camera. The statute uses permissive, not mandatory, language for in-camera hearings, it is left to the discretion of the court or the wish of a party, not an absolute rule applying to every case. Treating this as an invariable requirement overstates the provision, which is why this statement does not hold up.
2. Option B: Describes the court's power to call on a legal expert as amicus curiae when justice requires it. This tracks the assistance provisions built into the Act to help the court reach a fair outcome in sensitive family matters, and there is nothing in the statutory scheme that contradicts it.
3. Option C: Frames in-camera proceedings as dependent on the wishes of the court and the parties. This matches the discretionary character of the provision, camera proceedings are an option exercised case by case, not a blanket rule.
4. Option D: Refers to the Family Court's ability to secure a medical expert's services when needed. Family Courts routinely draw on counsellors, welfare experts and medical opinion where the facts call for it, so this is an accurate description of the Court's powers.

Since options B, C and D each correctly describe features of Family Court procedure, and only option A converts a discretionary power into an absolute obligation, option A is the statement that does not correctly describe the nature of these proceedings.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option A.

Answer 11

Step 1: Scope of the Family Courts Act.
The Act covers disputes relating to marriage, divorce, custody, maintenance, and property under personal laws but its jurisdiction depends on specific statutory provisions.
Step 2: Why (B) is excluded.
Nikah under Muslim Personal Law is governed by Muslim law principles and is not directly adjudicated under the Family Courts Act unless linked to disputes under statutory enactments.
Step 3: Verification of other options.
(A), (C), and (D) fall within the purview of the Act. \[ \boxed{\text{B}} \]

Answer 12

The Family Courts Act, 1984 sets up special courts to handle specific categories of family disputes, so the way to answer this is to check whether each option falls inside that defined jurisdiction or outside it.

1. Option A: Divorce proceedings under Hindu law are matrimonial disputes of exactly the kind the Act was created to handle, and Family Courts routinely decide such cases, so this falls within its scope.
2. Option B: Nikah, as a religious rite under Muslim personal law, is not itself a matter the Family Courts Act legislates on, the Act deals with matrimonial and connected reliefs arising once a marriage exists, not with the religious solemnisation of a Nikah as such. This places it outside what the Act governs.
3. Option C: A marriage solemnised under the Special Marriage Act, 1954 is a civil marriage recognised by statute, and disputes flowing from it, such as divorce or restitution, are matrimonial causes squarely within Family Court jurisdiction.
4. Option D: Adoption under Hindu law creates a parent-child relationship with legal consequences for maintenance and guardianship, matters the Family Courts Act is designed to adjudicate, so this too falls within its scope.

Options A, C and D each describe matters the Family Courts Act was built to handle, while option B concerns the religious act of Nikah itself rather than a matrimonial cause arising from it.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B.