Question:
The spinal nerves blocked in paravertebral anaesthesia in cattle are
A. T11
B. T12
C. T13
D. L1
E. L2
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The spinal nerves blocked in paravertebral anaesthesia in cattle are
A. T11
B. T12
C. T13
D. L1
E. L2
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A. T11
B. T12
C. T13
D. L1
E. L2
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
Remember the "T13, L1, L2" rule for flank surgery in cattle. Successfully blocking these three nerves produces a characteristic scoliosis (lateral bending of the spine) toward the anesthetized side due to muscle relaxation.
Updated On: Aug 13, 2026
- A, B and D only
- C, D and E only
- A, B and C only
- B, C and D only
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Paravertebral anesthesia is a regional nerve block technique used in standing laparotomy procedures (such as rumenotomy or Cesarean section) in cattle.
It involves blocking the pathways of the nerves that provide sensory and motor innervation to the flank region (paralumbar fossa).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The paralumbar fossa of cattle is innervated by the primary dorsal and ventral branches of three spinal nerves:
1. The last thoracic nerve (T13).
2. The first lumbar nerve (L1).
3. The second lumbar nerve (L2).
By placing local anesthetic close to the intervertebral foramina where these nerves exit the spinal column (Farquharson or Cornell methods), the entire flank wall is anesthetized.
This includes the skin, fascial layers, the abdominal muscles (obliquus externus, obliquus internus, transversus abdominis), and the parietal peritoneum.
Blocking T11 and T12 is unnecessary as they supply areas cranial to the paralumbar fossa.
Consequently, the correct spinal nerves are T13, L1, and L2.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct combination of nerves is C, D and E only.
Paravertebral anesthesia is a regional nerve block technique used in standing laparotomy procedures (such as rumenotomy or Cesarean section) in cattle.
It involves blocking the pathways of the nerves that provide sensory and motor innervation to the flank region (paralumbar fossa).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The paralumbar fossa of cattle is innervated by the primary dorsal and ventral branches of three spinal nerves:
1. The last thoracic nerve (T13).
2. The first lumbar nerve (L1).
3. The second lumbar nerve (L2).
By placing local anesthetic close to the intervertebral foramina where these nerves exit the spinal column (Farquharson or Cornell methods), the entire flank wall is anesthetized.
This includes the skin, fascial layers, the abdominal muscles (obliquus externus, obliquus internus, transversus abdominis), and the parietal peritoneum.
Blocking T11 and T12 is unnecessary as they supply areas cranial to the paralumbar fossa.
Consequently, the correct spinal nerves are T13, L1, and L2.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct combination of nerves is C, D and E only.
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