Question

The rate of seepage from an unlined pond depends upon:

• A. Geometry of cross-section
• B. Permeability of materials
• C. Both geometry of cross-section and permeability of materials
• D. Capacity of pond

Hint:

Seepage can be reduced by lining the pond with impermeable materials.
Common liners: Clay, bentonite, plastic sheets, concrete.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Seepage is the loss of water from a pond through the soil.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The rate of seepage from an unlined pond depends on:
- Geometry of cross-section: Determines the wetted perimeter and hydraulic gradient.
A pond with a larger wetted perimeter will have more seepage.
- Permeability of materials: Determines how easily water can flow through the soil.
High permeability (sandy soil) leads to higher seepage.
The capacity of the pond (D) is not a direct factor in seepage rate.
Both geometry and permeability are important for determining seepage losses.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Thus, the rate of seepage depends on both geometry and permeability.
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