Question

The primary causes of non-inflammatory edema include
A. Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure
B. Increased vascular permeability
C. Increased colloid osmotic pressure
D. Lymphatic obstruction
E. Electrocution
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. B and D only
• B. A and D only
• C. C and E only
• D. B and E only

Hint:

Causes of Non-inflammatory Transudative Edema: 1. Increased Hydrostatic Pressure ($P_c$), 2. Decreased Plasma Oncotic Pressure ($\pi_c$), 3. Lymphatic Obstruction, 4. Sodium/Water retention.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Starling's forces governing transudative non-inflammatory edema formation across microvascular beds.
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Fluid Flux } (J_v) = K_f \left[ (P_c - P_i) - \sigma (\pi_c - \pi_i) \right] - Q_{\text{lymph}} \]

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Pathophysiological mechanisms of Non-inflammatory (Transudative) Edema:
1. A (True): Increased Intravascular Hydrostatic Pressure ($P_c$): Seen in congestive heart failure, portal hypertension, and venous thrombosis, forcing fluid out of capillaries into interstitium.
2. D (True): Lymphatic Obstruction ($Q_{\text{lymph}}$): Impaired drainage due to neoplasia, trauma, or lymphangitis (lymphedema).
3. Decreased Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure ($\pi_c$): Hypoalbuminemia. (Option C states 'Increased', which would prevent edema).
4. (Increased vascular permeability is the defining hallmark of inflammatory exudative edema).
Thus, A and D only are primary causes of non-inflammatory edema.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, the causes of non-inflammatory edema are A and D only, corresponding to option (B).