Question

The predominant soil type suitable for groundnut cultivation is:

• A. Chalkas
• B. Deep black soils
• C. Red sandy soils
• D. Alluvial soils

Hint:

Remember: Groundnut = Underground Pods = Needs Loose Soil.
Avoid heavy clay soils for underground crops like groundnut, potato, and ginger.
Sandy loam is the "Golden Soil" for these crops.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the soil type most favorable for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivation. This is based on the unique biological characteristic of groundnut called "pegging."
Detailed Explanation:

• The Pegging Process:
After fertilization, the groundnut flower stalk (pedicel) elongates and curves downward to push the developing fruit (ovary) into the soil. This structure is called a "peg."
The pods then develop and mature underground.

• Soil Requirements:
Because the plant must physically push its fruits into the ground, the soil must be well-drained, loose, and friable.
Red sandy soils or sandy loams are ideal because they do not crust or become excessively hard when dry, allowing for easy peg penetration and pod development.
They also allow for efficient drainage, preventing pod rot.

• Analyzing other options:
Deep black soils (Regur): These have high clay content. They expand when wet and contract/crack when dry. The high stickiness and hardness of these soils make it difficult for pegs to penetrate and for pods to be harvested without loss.
Alluvial soils: While fertile, they can sometimes be too heavy or prone to waterlogging depending on the silt/clay content.

Step 2: Final Answer:
Red sandy soils (or sandy loams) are the most suitable for groundnut because of their loose texture and good drainage.