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The findings of Oxfam India’s latest ‘India Discrimination Report 2022’ indicate that there is a significant gap in the earnings between men and women in the case of regular and self-employment in urban areas. The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 percent of discrimination and 33 percent due to lack of education and work experience. The average earning is ₹ 16,000 for men and merely ₹ 6,600 for women in urban areas in self-employment. The average earning of men is ₹ 19,800 as against ₹ 15,600 for women in regular/salaried employment in urban areas. Also, in urban areas the average earnings of men (₹ 9,000) are significantly higher than women (₹ 5,700) even in casual employment. Apart from women, historically oppressed communities along with religious minorities also continue to face discrimination in accessing jobs, livelihoods, and agricultural credit. The mean income for Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes (“SC/ST”) persons in urban areas who are in regular employment is ₹ 15,300 as against ₹ 20,300 for persons belonging to the non-SC/ST category. The average earning of self-employed workers is ₹ 15,900 for non-SC/STs and ₹ 10,500 for SC/STs. The average monthly earning for the SC/ST workers in casual work is ₹ 8,000 below the corresponding figure of ₹ 8,600 for the non-SC/ST.
[Data Source: Oxfam India]
[Note: Values have been approximated to the nearest hundred]
[Data Source: Oxfam India]
[Note: Values have been approximated to the nearest hundred]
Question: 1
Choose the correct option:
Choose the correct option:
Updated On: Jul 9, 2024
- Women’s average earnings in urban areas in casual work is 30% lower than that of men
- Men’s average earning in urban areas in self-employment is nearly 2.5 times that of earnings of women
- In casual work, women earn more in rural areas than in urban areas
- The difference in earnings of men and women in regular/salaried employment in urban areas is ₹ 3,500
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (B): Men’s average earning in urban areas in self-employment is nearly 2.5 times that of earnings of women.
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Question: 2
Of the regular employed in urban areas, the earnings of a non-SC/ST worker is what percent more than a SC/ST worker?
Of the regular employed in urban areas, the earnings of a non-SC/ST worker is what percent more than a SC/ST worker?
Updated On: Jul 9, 2024
- Between 20% and 25%
- Less than 15%
- Between 30% and 35%
- More than 35%
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (C): Between 30% and 35%.
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Question: 3
Of those in casual employment, if a man’s average earnings was deposited at a rate of 16% simple interest for 20 years, in how many years at the same rate of simple interest a SC/ST worker must deposit their average earnings to earn the same amount as a man in 20 years?
Of those in casual employment, if a man’s average earnings was deposited at a rate of 16% simple interest for 20 years, in how many years at the same rate of simple interest a SC/ST worker must deposit their average earnings to earn the same amount as a man in 20 years?
Updated On: Jul 9, 2024
- 24 years
- 22.5 years
- 21 years
- 23.2 years
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (D): 23.2 years.
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Question: 4
The findings also indicate discrimination as a driving factor behind low Women’s Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in the country. As per the Union Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI), LFPR for women in India was only 25.1 percent in 2020-21 for urban and rural women. This is considerably lower than South Africa where the LFPR for women is 46 percent in 2021 as per the latest World Bank estimates. The LFPR for women in India has rapidly declined from 42.7 percent in 2004-05 to mere 25.1 percent in 2020-2021 showing the withdrawal of women from the workforce despite rapid economic growth during the same period. In 2019-20, 60 percent of all males aged 15 years and more have regular salaried and self-employed jobs while 19 percent of all similarly aged females get regular and self-employment. Use the additional data in the passage above to answer this and the next question.
If the number of women in India in 2020-2021 is 670 million which is 24% more than in 2004-2005, what is the difference in the number of women in LFPR 2004-05 and 2021?
The findings also indicate discrimination as a driving factor behind low Women’s Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in the country. As per the Union Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI), LFPR for women in India was only 25.1 percent in 2020-21 for urban and rural women. This is considerably lower than South Africa where the LFPR for women is 46 percent in 2021 as per the latest World Bank estimates. The LFPR for women in India has rapidly declined from 42.7 percent in 2004-05 to mere 25.1 percent in 2020-2021 showing the withdrawal of women from the workforce despite rapid economic growth during the same period. In 2019-20, 60 percent of all males aged 15 years and more have regular salaried and self-employed jobs while 19 percent of all similarly aged females get regular and self-employment. Use the additional data in the passage above to answer this and the next question.
If the number of women in India in 2020-2021 is 670 million which is 24% more than in 2004-2005, what is the difference in the number of women in LFPR 2004-05 and 2021?
If the number of women in India in 2020-2021 is 670 million which is 24% more than in 2004-2005, what is the difference in the number of women in LFPR 2004-05 and 2021?
Updated On: Jul 27, 2024
- Less than 5 crores
- Between 6 and 8 crores
- Between 10 and 12 crores
- More than 15 crores
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The Correct Option is B
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The correct option is (B): Between 6 and 8 crores.
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Question: 5
In 2019-20, if the number of males aged 15 years and more is 76% of the total male population and the number of females aged 15 years and more is 72% of the total female population and the total male population is 1.05 times the total female population, what is the ratio of females to males aged 15 years and more that have regular salaried and self-employed jobs?
In 2019-20, if the number of males aged 15 years and more is 76% of the total male population and the number of females aged 15 years and more is 72% of the total female population and the total male population is 1.05 times the total female population, what is the ratio of females to males aged 15 years and more that have regular salaried and self-employed jobs?
Updated On: Jul 9, 2024
- 2 : 7
- 3 : 10
- 5 : 9
- 1 : 3
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The correct option is (A): 2 : 7
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[Extracted with edits and revisions from “Children from void, voidable marriages entitled to parents’ share in ancestral property: Supreme Court”, by Krishnadas Rajagopal, The Hindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/children-from-void-voidable-marriages-arelegitimate-can-claim-rights-in-parents-properties-sc/article67259229.ece ]- CLAT - 2024
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