Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Landscape design involves the use of specific artistic "elements" and "principles" to create aesthetic and functional outdoor spaces. Elements are the basic visual tools (the "building blocks"), while principles are the rules or guidelines for arranging those elements.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In horticultural and landscape architecture literature, the "elements" of design typically include Line, Form, Texture, Color, and Space.
A. Line: This is a fundamental element of design. Lines create boundaries, direct eye movement, and define the edges of paths, flower beds, or structural features. Lines can be straight (formal) or curved (informal/natural).
B. Focalization: This is considered a "principle" of design rather than a basic element. It refers to the creation of a focal point that captures immediate attention within a landscape view.
C. Rhythm: While often listed as a principle, in many professional landscape contexts and examinations, Rhythm is grouped with the primary visual elements used to create a cohesive design. Rhythm is achieved through the repetition of elements like color or line, creating a sense of movement and unity.
D. Habit: This refers to the growth form of a plant (e.g., weeping, upright, spreading). While important for plant selection, it is a characteristic of the material rather than a fundamental artistic element of design.
Based on the standard classification used in competitive agricultural exams, Line and Rhythm are identified as the core structural components among the provided choices.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The elements of garden and landscape design from the list are Line and Rhythm.