Question

Some statements are given below:
A. Process that occurs under constant volume is isochoric in nature.
B. Chemical potential is a state function.
C. Spontaneity of chemical reaction is decided by energy and entropy factor.
D. Removing insoluble component with percolating water is called leaching.
E. A system in which matter can exchange with surrounding, but energy cannot, is referred as a closed system.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and D only
• B. A, B, C and E only
• C. A, C and E only
• D. A, B and C only

Hint:

Thermodynamic systems:
- Open: Exchanges matter and energy.
- Closed: Exchanges energy, not matter.
- Isolated: Exchanges neither.
Chemical potential: \(\mu = \mu^\circ + RT \ln a\).
Spontaneity: \(\Delta G < 0\) for spontaneous reactions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question tests knowledge of thermodynamics and soil chemistry.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Statement A:
Process that occurs under constant volume is isochoric.
This is true.
Statement B:
Chemical potential is a state function.
It depends only on the state of the system, not the path.
This is true.
Statement C:
Spontaneity of chemical reaction is decided by energy and entropy factor.
\(\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S\) (Gibbs free energy).
Spontaneity depends on both enthalpy and entropy.
This is true.
Statement D:
Removing insoluble component with percolating water is called leaching.
Leaching is the removal of soluble components (not insoluble) from soil.
This statement is false.
Statement E:
A system in which matter can exchange with surrounding, but energy cannot, is referred as a closed system.
Open system: Both matter and energy exchange.
Closed system: Energy exchange but no matter exchange.
Isolated system: No exchange of matter or energy.
Thus, a closed system exchanges energy but not matter.
The statement says "matter can exchange, but energy cannot" - this is incorrect.
This statement is false.
Thus, statements A, B, and C are correct.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Thus, the correct answer is A, B and C only.
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