Question

Proteolysis is the phenomenon of

• A. Formation of proteins
• B. Disintegration of proteins
• C. Synthesis of amino-acids
• D. Synthesis of fats

Hint:

Proteolysis = Lysis/breakdown of proteins into amino acids. Proteogenesis = Synthesis/formation of proteins.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Proteolysis is the biological breakdown of complex protein macromolecules into smaller polypeptides or free amino acids via proteolytic enzymes.
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Protein} + n\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{Protease / Peptidase}} \text{Peptides} \longrightarrow \text{Free Amino Acids} \]

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Proteolysis (from protein + lysis, meaning dissolution or breakdown) is the enzymatic cleavage of peptide bonds ($-CO-NH-$) linking amino acids in protein chains.
It is catalyzed by cellular protease and peptidase enzymes during protein turnover, digestion, and post-translational processing.
Protein synthesis is termed translation, not proteolysis.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, proteolysis is the Disintegration of proteins, corresponding to option (B).