Question:
Pelton wheel is classified according to the main direction of flow of water in the runner as
Pelton wheel is classified according to the main direction of flow of water in the runner as
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Memorize the classification of major turbines by flow type:
- Tangential Flow $\rightarrow$ Pelton Wheel (High Head, Low Discharge).
- Mixed Flow $\rightarrow$ Francis Turbine (Medium Head, Medium Discharge).
- Axial Flow $\rightarrow$ Kaplan/Propeller Turbine (Low Head, High Discharge).
- Tangential Flow $\rightarrow$ Pelton Wheel (High Head, Low Discharge).
- Mixed Flow $\rightarrow$ Francis Turbine (Medium Head, Medium Discharge).
- Axial Flow $\rightarrow$ Kaplan/Propeller Turbine (Low Head, High Discharge).
Updated On: Jul 1, 2026
- Tangential flow turbine
- Radial flow turbine
- Axial flow turbine
- Mixed flow turbine
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the classification of a Pelton wheel turbine based on how the water flows relative to the runner (the rotating part).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Hydraulic turbines are classified based on the direction of water flow through the runner:
• Tangential Flow Turbine: The water strikes the runner
tangentially, in the same plane as the runner's rotation. The
Pelton wheel is the primary example of this type. A high-speed jet of water from a nozzle strikes a series of buckets mounted on the periphery of the wheel, causing it to rotate.
• Radial Flow Turbine: The water flows radially, either inwards or outwards, through the runner. The old
Francis turbine designs were purely radial.
• Axial Flow Turbine: The water flows parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. The
Kaplan and
Propeller turbines are the main examples.
• Mixed Flow Turbine: The water enters the runner radially and leaves axially. Modern
Francis turbines are of this type.
Since the jet of water strikes the buckets of a Pelton wheel on their tangent, it is a tangential flow turbine.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Based on the flow direction, a Pelton wheel is classified as a Tangential flow turbine. Since this option is not explicitly provided in the OCR'd list, there seems to be a missing option. Assuming it was present, this would be the correct classification. For the purpose of providing a complete solution, we will add the option.
Correct Answer: (A) Tangential flow turbine
The question asks for the classification of a Pelton wheel turbine based on how the water flows relative to the runner (the rotating part).
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Hydraulic turbines are classified based on the direction of water flow through the runner:
• Tangential Flow Turbine: The water strikes the runner
tangentially, in the same plane as the runner's rotation. The
Pelton wheel is the primary example of this type. A high-speed jet of water from a nozzle strikes a series of buckets mounted on the periphery of the wheel, causing it to rotate.
• Radial Flow Turbine: The water flows radially, either inwards or outwards, through the runner. The old
Francis turbine designs were purely radial.
• Axial Flow Turbine: The water flows parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. The
Kaplan and
Propeller turbines are the main examples.
• Mixed Flow Turbine: The water enters the runner radially and leaves axially. Modern
Francis turbines are of this type.
Since the jet of water strikes the buckets of a Pelton wheel on their tangent, it is a tangential flow turbine.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Based on the flow direction, a Pelton wheel is classified as a Tangential flow turbine. Since this option is not explicitly provided in the OCR'd list, there seems to be a missing option. Assuming it was present, this would be the correct classification. For the purpose of providing a complete solution, we will add the option.
Correct Answer: (A) Tangential flow turbine
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