Question

Name the western terminal station of the Trans-Australian Railway.

Answer 1

Concept:
• The Trans-Australian Railway is one of the most important railway networks in Australia.
• It connects the eastern and western parts of the country, facilitating the movement of passengers and goods across the continent.
• A terminal station is the point where a railway line begins or ends.
• In school geography, the eastern terminal station of the Trans-Australian Railway is identified as Sydney.

Step 1: Observe the location marked as ‘A' on the map.
The point marked as ‘A' is located on the south-eastern coast of Australia. It represents one of the major cities of Australia and an important railway terminal.

Step 2: Recall the Trans-Australian Railway.
The Trans-Australian Railway connects the eastern and western parts of Australia. It plays an important role in transporting passengers, minerals, agricultural products and other goods across the country.

Step 3: Identify the terminal station.
The eastern terminal station shown on the map corresponds to Sydney, which is one of Australia's largest cities and an important transport centre.

Step 4: Write the final answer.
Answer: The terminal station on the Trans-Australian Railway marked as A is Sydney.

Answer 2

Concept:
• A sea port is a place where ships load and unload passengers and cargo.
• Sea ports are the gateways of international trade and commerce.
• They facilitate the import and export of goods, promote industrial development and connect countries through maritime transport.
• The location marked as ‘B' on the map represents one of the busiest natural harbours in the world.

Step 1: Observe the location marked as ‘B'.
The point marked as ‘B' is situated on the eastern coast of North America. Its geographical location corresponds to one of the world's most important commercial ports.

Step 2: Recall the important sea port of this region.
The major sea port located on the eastern coast of the United States is New York. It possesses an excellent natural harbour and serves as a major centre for international trade.

Step 3: State its importance.
The Port of New York handles millions of tonnes of cargo every year. It is connected by railways, highways and inland waterways, making it one of the busiest commercial ports in the world. It also serves as an important centre for container shipping, finance and global trade.

Step 4: Write the final answer.
Answer: The major sea port marked as B is New York.

Answer 3

Concept:
• International airports are major transportation hubs that connect countries through air routes.
• They facilitate the movement of passengers, cargo, mail and business travellers across different parts of the world.
• Such airports play a significant role in promoting tourism, international trade, cultural exchange and economic development.
• Europe possesses some of the busiest international airports in the world due to its strategic geographical location.
• The location marked as ‘C' on the map represents one of the busiest international airports in Europe.

Step 1: Observe the location marked as ‘C'.
The point marked as ‘C' is situated in Western Europe. Its location corresponds to the United Kingdom, one of the world's leading centres for international air transport.

Step 2: Identify the international airport.
The major international airport represented on the map is Heathrow Airport, London. It is one of the busiest airports in Europe as well as the world.

Step 3: State its importance.
Heathrow Airport serves as a major international gateway connecting Europe with Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania. Every year, millions of passengers travel through this airport for business, tourism and international trade. It also handles a large volume of international cargo, making it one of the world's leading aviation hubs.

Step 4: Write the final answer.
Answer: The major international airport marked as C is Heathrow Airport (London).

Answer 4

Concept:
• Inland waterways are navigable rivers, lakes and canals that are used for the transportation of passengers and goods within a continent.
• They provide one of the cheapest, safest and most energy-efficient means of transport for bulky and heavy commodities.
• Inland waterways are of great economic importance because they connect industrial regions, agricultural areas and ports.
• The St. Lawrence Seaway is one of the busiest inland waterways in the world and is frequently asked in CBSE map-based questions.
• The location marked as ‘D' on the map represents this important inland waterway.

Step 1: Observe the location marked as ‘D'.
The point marked as ‘D' is situated in the eastern part of North America. It lies between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. This geographical position indicates one of the world's most significant inland waterways.

Step 2: Identify the inland waterway.
The inland waterway shown on the map is the St. Lawrence Seaway. It is a system of rivers, canals and locks that connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. This waterway allows large ocean-going ships to travel deep into the interior of North America.

Step 3: Explain its importance.
The St. Lawrence Seaway plays a significant role in international and regional trade. It provides an economical route for transporting bulky commodities such as:
• Iron ore
• Coal
• Wheat
• Timber
• Machinery
• Petroleum products It also links important industrial cities of Canada and the United States with international markets.

Step 4: State its economic significance.
The development of the St. Lawrence Seaway has promoted industrial growth, commercial activities and international trade in North America. It is regarded as one of the finest examples of an integrated inland water transport system.

Step 5: Write the final answer.
Answer: The important inland waterway marked as D is the St. Lawrence Seaway.

Answer 5

Concept:
• Subsistence gathering is one of the oldest forms of economic activity practised by human beings.
• It involves collecting naturally available products such as wild fruits, roots, nuts, honey, medicinal plants, leaves, bamboo and fuel wood directly from forests.
• This activity is generally practised by tribal and indigenous communities living in dense equatorial forests.
• Subsistence gathering is carried out mainly for personal consumption rather than for commercial purposes.
• The major regions of subsistence gathering include the Amazon Basin, the Congo Basin and parts of Southeast Asia.
• The area marked as ‘E' on the map represents one of these important regions.

Step 1: Observe the location marked as ‘E'.
The point marked as ‘E' is located in Central Africa near the Equator. This region is covered with dense tropical evergreen forests and receives heavy rainfall throughout the year. Its climatic conditions support rich biodiversity and abundant forest resources.

Step 2: Identify the geographical region.
The location corresponds to the Congo Basin, one of the largest tropical rainforest regions in the world. The Congo Basin extends across several Central African countries and is second only to the Amazon Basin in terms of rainforest area.

Step 3: Explain why subsistence gathering is practised here.
The dense forests of the Congo Basin provide abundant natural resources. The indigenous people collect forest products such as:
• Wild fruits
• Roots and tubers
• Honey
• Medicinal herbs
• Bamboo
• Fuel wood
• Rubber and other forest products These products are mainly used to satisfy their daily needs, while only a small quantity is exchanged in local markets.

Step 4: State its significance.
Subsistence gathering enables tribal communities to maintain their traditional lifestyle and live in harmony with nature. It is an environmentally sustainable economic activity because it depends upon the careful utilization of natural forest resources.

Step 5: Write the final answer.
Answer: The area of subsistence gathering marked as E is the Congo Basin.

Answer 6

Concept:
• Extensive commercial grain farming is a highly mechanised type of agriculture practised on large farms.
• It is mainly carried out in temperate grasslands where vast stretches of flat land are available.
• The farming system requires comparatively less labour but extensive use of modern machinery such as tractors, seed drills, combine harvesters and threshers.
• Wheat is the principal crop, although barley, oats and maize are also cultivated in some regions.
• Major regions of extensive commercial grain farming include the Prairies of North America, Pampas of Argentina, Steppes of Eurasia, Velds of South Africa and the Downs of Australia.
• The location marked as ‘F' on the map represents one of these important grain-producing regions.

Step 1: Observe the location marked as ‘F'.
The point marked as ‘F' is situated in the south-eastern part of Australia. This region consists of broad grasslands and fertile plains suitable for large-scale mechanised farming.

Step 2: Identify the geographical region.
The marked region corresponds to the Downs of Australia. The Downs are famous for their fertile grasslands and are among the leading regions of commercial wheat farming in Australia.

Step 3: Explain the characteristics of farming in this region.
Agriculture in the Downs is carried out on very large farms using modern scientific methods. Important characteristics include:
• Large landholdings.
• High degree of mechanisation.
• Low population density.
• Commercial production for national and international markets.
• Extensive cultivation of wheat along with sheep rearing in many areas.

Step 4: State its economic importance.
The Downs contribute significantly to Australia's agricultural economy by producing high-quality wheat for domestic consumption as well as exports. Modern transportation and storage facilities further support commercial agriculture in this region.

Step 5: Write the final answer.
Answer: The area of extensive commercial grain farming marked as F is the Downs of Australia.

Answer 7

Concept:
• Mixed farming is a type of commercial agriculture in which crop cultivation and livestock rearing are carried out together on the same farm.
• It is one of the most efficient and sustainable farming systems because the crops and livestock support each other.
• Farmers cultivate food grains and fodder crops while simultaneously rearing cattle, sheep, pigs or poultry.
• Livestock provides milk, meat, wool and manure, whereas crop residues are used as animal feed.
• Mixed farming is generally practised in temperate regions having fertile soils, moderate rainfall and well-developed transportation facilities.
• Major regions of mixed farming include Western Europe, Eastern North America, New Zealand, South Africa and the Pampas region of Argentina.
• The location marked as ‘G' on the map represents one of these important mixed farming regions.

Step 1: Observe the location marked as ‘G'.
The point marked as ‘G' is situated in the south-eastern part of South America. This region consists of vast fertile plains with favourable climatic conditions suitable for both crop cultivation and livestock rearing.

Step 2: Identify the geographical region.
The marked area corresponds to the Pampas of Argentina. The Pampas are extensive temperate grasslands that are internationally known for their highly productive agricultural activities.

Step 3: Explain why mixed farming is practised here.
The Pampas have fertile soils, moderate rainfall and a temperate climate, making them ideal for both agriculture and animal husbandry. Farmers cultivate crops such as:
• Wheat
• Maize
• Barley
• Oats
• Fodder crops Along with crop cultivation, they rear:
• Cattle
• Sheep
• Dairy animals This combination increases farm productivity and provides a stable source of income.

Step 4: State its economic importance.
Mixed farming in the Pampas contributes significantly to Argentina's economy. The region is famous for producing high-quality wheat, beef, dairy products and wool, much of which is exported to international markets. It is regarded as one of the finest examples of commercial mixed farming in the world.

Step 5: Write the final answer.
Answer: The area of mixed farming marked as G is the Pampas of Argentina.