Question:
“Neither there is absolute necessity nor there is absolute freedom.” The given statement is related to which one of the following concepts ?
“Neither there is absolute necessity nor there is absolute freedom.” The given statement is related to which one of the following concepts ?
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Determinism = Absolute Necessity (Nature dominates).
Possibilism = Absolute Freedom (Human technology dominates).
Neo-determinism = Stop and Go Determinism by Griffith Taylor (Middle Path).
Remember: "Neither necessity nor freedom = Neo-determinism."
Possibilism = Absolute Freedom (Human technology dominates).
Neo-determinism = Stop and Go Determinism by Griffith Taylor (Middle Path).
Remember: "Neither necessity nor freedom = Neo-determinism."
Updated On: Sep 9, 2026
- Determinism
- Neo-determinism
- Possibilism
- Individualism
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
• Geographical thought evolved through three major paradigms regarding human-environment interaction: Environmental Determinism, Possibilism, and Neo-determinism.
• Environmental Determinism posits that human actions are strictly dictated and controlled by natural forces (state of absolute necessity).
• Possibilism argues that nature provides opportunities and humans can overcome natural constraints through technology (state of absolute freedom).
• Neo-determinism (also known as Stop and Go Determinism), introduced by Australian geographer Griffith Taylor, presents a middle path between determinism and possibilism.
• It states that humans can conquer nature by obeying it, meaning nature sets limits but offers choices within those limits.
Step 1: Understand the meaning of the given statement
The statement "Neither there is absolute necessity nor there is absolute freedom" refutes both extreme determinism (absolute necessity) and extreme possibilism (absolute freedom), seeking a balanced middle ground.
Step 2: Analyse each option carefully
Option (A): Determinism
• Environmental determinism believes in the complete domination of nature over human beings.
• It represents a state of absolute necessity. Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (A) is Incorrect.}} \] Option (B): Neo-determinism
• Neo-determinism asserts that nature provides limits (red light) and possibilities (green light).
• Humans can bring about development only by acknowledging environmental limits without causing ecological destruction.
• Thus, it perfectly aligns with the idea that there is "neither absolute necessity nor absolute freedom". Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (B) is Correct.}} \] Option (C): Possibilism
• Possibilism emphasizes human dominance and technological capability to alter nature at will.
• It represents a state of absolute freedom. Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (C) is Incorrect.}} \] Option (D): Individualism
• Individualism is a socio-political ideology focused on individual autonomy and is not a recognized geographical concept describing nature-human interaction. Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (D) is Incorrect.}} \]
Step 3: Choose the correct answer
The concept that reflects a middle path between necessity and freedom is Neo-determinism. \[ \boxed{\text{Correct Answer = (B) Neo-determinism}} \]
• Geographical thought evolved through three major paradigms regarding human-environment interaction: Environmental Determinism, Possibilism, and Neo-determinism.
• Environmental Determinism posits that human actions are strictly dictated and controlled by natural forces (state of absolute necessity).
• Possibilism argues that nature provides opportunities and humans can overcome natural constraints through technology (state of absolute freedom).
• Neo-determinism (also known as Stop and Go Determinism), introduced by Australian geographer Griffith Taylor, presents a middle path between determinism and possibilism.
• It states that humans can conquer nature by obeying it, meaning nature sets limits but offers choices within those limits.
Step 1: Understand the meaning of the given statement
The statement "Neither there is absolute necessity nor there is absolute freedom" refutes both extreme determinism (absolute necessity) and extreme possibilism (absolute freedom), seeking a balanced middle ground.
Step 2: Analyse each option carefully
Option (A): Determinism
• Environmental determinism believes in the complete domination of nature over human beings.
• It represents a state of absolute necessity. Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (A) is Incorrect.}} \] Option (B): Neo-determinism
• Neo-determinism asserts that nature provides limits (red light) and possibilities (green light).
• Humans can bring about development only by acknowledging environmental limits without causing ecological destruction.
• Thus, it perfectly aligns with the idea that there is "neither absolute necessity nor absolute freedom". Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (B) is Correct.}} \] Option (C): Possibilism
• Possibilism emphasizes human dominance and technological capability to alter nature at will.
• It represents a state of absolute freedom. Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (C) is Incorrect.}} \] Option (D): Individualism
• Individualism is a socio-political ideology focused on individual autonomy and is not a recognized geographical concept describing nature-human interaction. Therefore, \[ \boxed{\text{Option (D) is Incorrect.}} \]
Step 3: Choose the correct answer
The concept that reflects a middle path between necessity and freedom is Neo-determinism. \[ \boxed{\text{Correct Answer = (B) Neo-determinism}} \]
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