To solve the problem, we need to state the fitness index score formula used in the Harvard Step Test and list the standard norms used to interpret the score.
1. Fitness Index Score Formula (Harvard Step Test):
The Harvard Step Test evaluates cardiovascular fitness based on recovery time after exercise. The formula to calculate the Fitness Index (FI) is:
Fitness Index (FI) = \( \frac{\text{Duration of exercise in seconds} \times 100}{2 \times \text{Sum of 3 pulse counts}} \)
Explanation:
2. Norms for Fitness Index Score:
The following standards are used to assess the fitness level:
| Fitness Index Score | Rating |
|---|---|
| Above 96 | Excellent |
| 83 – 96 | Good |
| 68 – 82 | Average |
| Below 68 | Poor |
Final Answer:
The Fitness Index Score for the Harvard Step Test is calculated using the formula:
FI = \( \frac{\text{Exercise Duration (sec)} \times 100}{2 \times \text{Sum of 3 Pulse Counts}} \).
The norms are: Above 96 – Excellent, 83–96 – Good, 68–82 – Average, and Below 68 – Poor.
Draw a rough sketch for the curve $y = 2 + |x + 1|$. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curve $y = 2 + |x + 1|$, $x = -4$, $x = 3$, and $y = 0$.
Study the given molecular structure of double-stranded polynucleotide chain of DNA and answer the questions that follow. 
(a) How many phosphodiester bonds are present in the given double-stranded polynucleotide chain?
(b) How many base pairs are there in each helical turn of double helix structure of DNA? Also write the distance between a base pair in a helix.
(c) In addition to H-bonds, what confers additional stability to the helical structure of DNA?
