A 23 cm square format camera with a focal length of 152.4 mm is used for taking vertical aerial photographs with 60% end-lap. These photographs are viewed under a stereoscope with a base-height ratio of 0.15. The vertical exaggeration while stereoviewing these photographs is ___________ (Answer in integer).}
In a map based on the UTM projection, the grid distance is in error with respect to the geodetic distance by about one in four thousand. If the map distance is 3 cm and the map scale is 1:25,000, then the geodetic distance is ___________
A 23 cm square format camera with a focal length of 152.4 mm is used for taking vertical aerial photographs with 60% end-lap. These photographs are viewed under a stereoscope with a base-height ratio of 0.15. The vertical exaggeration while stereoviewing these photographs is ___________ (Answer in integer).