Question

In ruminants, acetonemia is primarily seen due to
A. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
B. Disorders of fat metabolism
C. Disorders of protein metabolism
D. Disorder of B-complex vitamins
E. Deficiency of calcium and magnesium
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A only
• B. B and C only
• C. C and E only
• D. D only

Hint:

Bovine Ketosis (Acetonemia): Primary metabolic defect is Carbohydrate deficiency Hypoglycemia leading to secondary fat mobilization and ketonemia.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Bovine ketosis (acetonemia) is a metabolic disease of high-yielding dairy cows triggered by negative energy balance and glucose deficiency.
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Negative Energy Balance} \implies \downarrow \text{Oxaloacetate (Carbohydrate Deficit)} \implies \text{Excess Acetyl-CoA shunted to Ketogenesis} \]

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Pathophysiology of Acetonemia (Bovine Ketosis):
1. In early lactation, high milk lactose synthesis creates an enormous metabolic demand for glucose.
2. Ruminants rely entirely on hepatic gluconeogenesis from rumen propionate (carbohydrate precursor).
3. When glucose demand exceeds gluconeogenic supply (negative energy balance), severe intracellular oxaloacetate deficiency prevents acetyl-CoA from entering the TCA cycle.
4. Excess acetyl-CoA is shunted into hepatic ketone body synthesis (acetoacetate, $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate, acetone).
5. Thus, acetonemia is fundamentally initiated by a primary disorder of carbohydrate metabolism (hypoglycemia).

Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, acetonemia is primarily seen due to A only, corresponding to option (A).