Question

Highlight any two internal threats which any state may face.

Hint:

Internal threats emerge from inside national borders: Separatism, Insurgency, Civil War, and Communal Riots.

Answer 1

Internal threats refer to security challenges originating from within a nation's own territorial boundaries, threatening public order, political stability, territorial integration, and the lives of citizens. Two major internal threats that a state may face are:
• Separatist and Insurgent Movements: Ethnic, regional, or linguistic groups may demand political independence, secession, or armed self-determination from the nation-state. Insurgent groups use guerilla warfare, violence, and armed conflict against state security forces, directly threatening national unity and territorial integrity (e.g., historical insurgencies in various regions).
• Communal and Ethnic Violence: Sectarian tensions, religious extremism, or deep-seated ethnic conflicts within a multicultural society can erupt into violent riots, civil unrest, and internal instability. Such violence undermines national integration, law and order, social cohesion, and internal peace.