Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This question classifies agroforestry based on the temporal arrangement (timing) of components.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
• In agroforestry, we categorize systems by how the tree and crop components interact over time.
• Concomitant refers to systems where the woody component (shade trees) and the crop component (coffee) grow together for the entire duration of their lives or for a significant overlapping period.
• Shade trees like Grevillea robusta or Albizia are planted alongside coffee specifically to provide shade and nitrogen, and they remain in the field together.
• Separate would be growing them in different fields. Coincident often refers to seasonal overlap.
• Thus, growing coffee under shade trees is a textbook example of a concomitant arrangement.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Growing coffee with shade trees is a Concomitant system.