Question

Given below are two statements
Statement I: Crossbreeding of cattle in India started with the development of Jersind
Statement II: Frieswal is the cross of Holstein-Friesians and Sahiwal
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

• A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
• B. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
• C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
• D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Hint:

Indian Crossbred Cattle Strains:
Jersind = Jersey $\times$ Red Sindhi (Earliest cross, 1934).
Frieswal = Holstein-Friesian $\times$ Sahiwal (62.5% HF).
Karan Fries = Holstein $\times$ Tharparkar.
Karan Swiss = Brown Swiss $\times$ Sahiwal.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
History of cattle crossbreeding programs in India: earliest organized crossbreeding at Allahabad (Jersind, 1934) and the elite Frieswal synthetic crossbred strain (HF $ imes$ Sahiwal).
Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Frieswal Strain} = \frac{5}{8} \text{ Holstein-Friesian (62.5\%)} + \frac{3}{8} \text{ Sahiwal (37.5\%)} \]

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. Statement I: Systematic scientific cattle crossbreeding in India began in 1934 at the Allahabad Agricultural Institute (AAI, Naini) under Prof. James N. Warner with the development of 'Jersind' (Jersey $\times$ Red Sindhi crossbred strain), which was followed by Brown Swiss crosses (Karan Swiss) and Friesian crosses (Karan Fries). Hence, Statement I is correct.
2. Statement II: Frieswal is a national crossbred dairy cattle strain developed collaboratively by ICAR-CIRC (Meerut) and the Ministry of Defence (Military Farms), synthesized by crossing Holstein-Friesian and Sahiwal to stabilize at $62.5\%$ HF and $37.5\%$ Sahiwal inheritance. Hence, Statement II is correct.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, corresponding to option (A).