The Demographic Transition Theory explains the transformation of countries from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as part of the economic development process. It is divided into three stages:
Stage I – High Stationary Stage:
Both birth rate and death rate are high.
Population growth is slow and fluctuating.
Common in pre-industrial societies (e.g., tribal communities).
Stage II – Early Expanding Stage:
Death rate declines due to better healthcare and sanitation.
Birth rate remains high, leading to rapid population growth.
Seen in developing countries (e.g., India in the mid-20th century).
Stage III – Late Expanding or Low Stationary Stage:
Both birth and death rates decline.
Population growth slows and stabilises.
Observed in developed countries (e.g., Japan, USA, Germany).
The theory helps in understanding the population growth trends and planning for future development needs.
