Describe pyramid of energy with the help of diagram.
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Solution and Explanation
Pyramid of Energy
The pyramid of energy is a graphical representation of the energy flow at each successive trophic level in an ecosystem. It illustrates that the amount of energy decreases as it is transferred from lower to higher trophic levels.
Description:
- The base of the pyramid is always the producers (plants), which have the largest amount of energy captured from the sun through photosynthesis.
- The next level consists of primary consumers (herbivores).
- Above them are secondary consumers (carnivores/omnivores).
- At the top are tertiary consumers (top carnivores).
- The pyramid of energy is always upright and never inverted, because energy transfer follows the 10% Law.
- According to the 10% Law, only about 10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level, while the rest is lost as heat or remains unavailable.
Diagram:
Top Questions on Ecosystems
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The primary source of energy in an ecosystem is solar energy.
Statement II: The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis in an ecosystem is called net primary productivity (NPP).
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:- NEET (UG) - 2025
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- Assertion (A): Gross primary productivity is always less than net primary productivity.
Reason (R): Rate of synthesis of organic matter by consumers is known as secondary productivity. Consider the following statements:
Every step in a food chain is called a trophic level.
Decomposers convert complex organic matter into simple substances that mix with the soil.
In a food chain, energy increases from lower to higher trophic level.
Interlinking of multiple food chains forms a food web.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Questions Asked in Maharashtra Class XII exam
Mahendra, Surendra and Narendra were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio 5 : 3 : 2 respectively. Their Balance Sheet as on 31st March 2019 was as follows:
\[\begin{array}{|l|r|l|r|} \hline \text{Liabilities} & \text{Amount (₹)} & \text{Assets} & \text{Amount (₹)} \\ \hline \text{Capital Account:} & & \text{Stock} & 17{,}000 \\ \text{Mahendra} & 23{,}000 & \text{Furniture} & 18{,}000 \\ \text{Surendra} & 15{,}000 & \text{Land and Building} & 16{,}000 \\ \text{Narendra} & 12{,}000 & \text{Bank} & 37{,}000 \\ \text{Bills Payable} & 2{,}000 & & \\ \text{Creditors} & 8{,}000 & & \\ \text{Bank Loan} & 12{,}000 & & \\ \text{General Reserve} & 16{,}000 & & \\ \hline \text{Total} & 88{,}000 & \text{Total} & 88{,}000 \\ \hline \end{array}\]
Mr. Narendra died on 30th June 2019 and the following adjustments were agreed as per deed:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Stock, furniture, land and building are to be revalued at ₹ 16,700, ₹ 16,200 and ₹ 30,100 respectively.} \\ \bullet & \text{Narendra's share in goodwill is to be valued from the firm's goodwill, which was valued at 3 times the average profit of the last four years. The profits for the last four years were:} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{I year – ₹ 30,000} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{II year – ₹ 25,000} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{III year – ₹ 25,000} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{IV year – ₹ 40,000} \\ \bullet & \text{His profit up to the death is to be calculated on the basis of the profit of last year.} \\ \bullet & \text{Narendra was entitled to get a salary of ₹ 1,200 per month.} \\ \bullet & \text{Interest on capital at 10\% p.a. to be allowed.} \\ \bullet & \text{Narendra's drawing up to the date of his death was ₹ 900 per month.} \end{array}\]
Prepare:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{(A) Narendra's Capital Account showing amount payable to his executor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(B) Give working notes for:} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{Share of goodwill due to Narendra} \\ & \quad \bullet \ \text{Share of profit due to Narendra} \end{array}\]
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(a) Complete Market Demand Schedule.
(b) Draw Market Demand Curve Based on the Above Market Demand Schedule.- Maharashtra Class XII - 2025
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