Question

Define abnormal behavior and explain the 4 D’s (Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger).

Hint:

Abnormality = Deviance + Distress + Dysfunction + Danger

Answer 1

Concept: Abnormal behavior refers to patterns of thoughts, emotions, or actions that deviate from societal norms and may impair an individual’s functioning. Psychologists often use the "4 D’s" to identify abnormality. Definition of Abnormal Behavior: Abnormal behavior is behavior that is:

Statistically rare or unusual
Violates social norms
Causes personal or social problems
The 4 D’s of Abnormal Behavior: 1. Deviance:

Behavior that differs from societal norms
Varies across cultures and time
Example: Talking loudly to oneself in public. 2. Distress:

Emotional suffering experienced by the individual
Includes anxiety, sadness, or fear
Example: Severe depression causing emotional pain. 3. Dysfunction:

Impairment in daily functioning
Difficulty in work, relationships, or self-care
Example: Inability to perform routine tasks due to mental illness. 4. Danger:

Risk of harm to self or others
Includes suicidal or violent tendencies
Example: Self-harm behavior. Conclusion: A behavior is considered abnormal when it significantly reflects one or more of the 4 D’s.