Question

Correct sequential order of stages of fracture healing is
A. Cellular Proliferation
B. Haematoma formation
C. Consolidation
D. Callus formation
E. Remodeling
Choose the correct answer from the options given below

• A. A, B, C, D, E
• B. B, A, D, C, E
• C. D, C, A, B, E
• D. B, C, A, D, E

Hint:

The hematoma (B) is always the immediate first response, while remodeling (E) is always the final chronic phase. This helps identify the sequence starting with B and ending with E.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Bone healing following a fracture is a complex biological process involving a sequence of physiological events, culminating in the restoration of skeletal strength and continuity.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The sequential stages of secondary bone healing are:
1. Haematoma formation (B): Immediately post-injury, blood vessels break, leading to a localized hematoma. This initiates an inflammatory response and cytokine release.
2. Cellular Proliferation (A): Pluripotent mesenchymal cells migrate to the site and proliferate, differentiating into osteoblasts and chondroblasts to form osteoid and cartilage.
3. Callus formation (D): A bridge of soft callus (fibrocartilage) is deposited, which is subsequently mineralized to form a hard, woven bone callus.
4. Consolidation (C): The immature woven bone of the hard callus is slowly replaced by organized lamellar bone through osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic deposition.
5. Remodeling (E): Over months, the bone is reshaped along lines of mechanical stress to restore its original cortex, medullary canal, and strength.
The biological order is B \(\rightarrow\) A \(\rightarrow\) D \(\rightarrow\) C \(\rightarrow\) E.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct sequential order of fracture healing is B, A, D, C, E.