Question

Beta rays are NOT used for radiation treatment of food products because

• A. They are not effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms
• B. They may induce radio activity
• C. Capital and operational costs are higher for such treatment
• D. They can penetrate deep inside food

Hint:

Electron beam (beta ray) accelerators involve high capital/operating costs and limited penetration depth compared to gamma irradiation.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Food irradiation employs ionizing radiation sources including gamma rays ($^{60}\text{Co}$), X-rays, and electron beams (beta particles/rays).

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
High-energy electron beam (beta ray) linear accelerator systems require specialized high-power radio-frequency equipment, complex electronic steering, high electrical energy demand, and sophisticated radiation shielding.
These requirements result in substantially higher initial capital investment and operational/maintenance costs compared to isotope-based gamma irradiation facilities.
Furthermore, their limited penetration depth ($3\text{--}5\,\text{cm}$) restricts bulk food processing.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, high capital and operational costs are a primary reason restricting widespread beta ray treatment.