Question

An individual suffering from metabolic syndrome may present which of the following symptoms?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypertension
C. Fever
D. Abdominal Obesity
E. Acute Renal Failure
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. B, C, D only
• B. C, D, E only
• C. A, B, D only
• D. A, C, D only

Hint:

Metabolic Syndrome Pentad: 1. Central/Abdominal Obesity, 2. Hyperglycemia (Insulin resistance), 3. Hypertension, 4. High Triglycerides, 5. Low HDL.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X) is a clustering of interrelated cardio-metabolic risk factors driven by central insulin resistance.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome (WHO NCEP-ATP III IDF criteria) require the presence of three or more of the following:
1. Abdominal Obesity (D): Increased waist circumference ($> 90\text{ cm}$ in men, $> 80\text{ cm}$ in women).
2. Hyperglycemia (A): Elevated fasting blood glucose ($\ge 100\text{ mg/dL}$) or Type 2 diabetes.
3. Hypertension (B): Blood pressure $\ge 130/85\text{ mmHg}$.
4. Dyslipidemia: Elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol.
(Fever and acute renal failure are acute systemic conditions, not diagnostic criteria).
Thus, symptoms A, B, and D only are characteristic.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, the correct answer is A, B, D only, corresponding to option (C).