Question:
A PID controller consists of:
A PID controller consists of:
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- P-only: Fast but has offset.
- PI: No offset, but can be sluggish/oscillatory.
- PID: Fast, no offset, and stable.
Note: Derivative action is sensitive to noise and is often avoided in flow control.
- PI: No offset, but can be sluggish/oscillatory.
- PID: Fast, no offset, and stable.
Note: Derivative action is sensitive to noise and is often avoided in flow control.
Updated On: Feb 16, 2026
- Proportional and Integral actions
- Proportional and Derivative actions
- Integral and Derivative actions
- Proportional, Integral and Derivative actions
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The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
The question is about the components of a PID controller, which is a fundamental concept in the field of instrumentation and process control.
- Understanding PID Controller:
- A PID controller, where "PID" stands for Proportional, Integral, and Derivative, is used in industrial control systems to continuously calculate an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable.
- The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process control inputs using a weighted sum of these three actions:
- Proportional (P): This action provides an output that is proportional to the current error value. The main aim is to reduce the rise time of the system response.
- Integral (I): This action considers the accumulation of past errors, eliminating the residual steady-state error that can occur with a simple proportional controller.
- Derivative (D): This action predicts future errors based on its rate of change, thus creating a damping effect and improving system stability.
- Analyzing the Options:
- Option 1: Proportional and Integral actions - This option is incorrect because it does not include the Derivative action which is crucial for improving the stability and response time of the system.
- Option 2: Proportional and Derivative actions - This option is incorrect as it omits the Integral action, which is necessary to zero out steady-state errors.
- Option 3: Integral and Derivative actions - This option cannot be correct because it lacks the Proportional action, which is essential for basic error response.
- Option 4: Proportional, Integral and Derivative actions - This is the correct option as it includes all three components necessary for comprehensive error correction in a PID controller.
- Conclusion: The correct answer is "Proportional, Integral and Derivative actions" because a complete and effective PID controller utilizes all three actions to manage and correct errors efficiently in the control process.
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Approach Solution -2
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
A PID controller is a control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems to maintain an output at a desired setpoint.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The acronym PID stands for:
1. P - Proportional: Produces an output proportional to the current error value. It provides the bulk of the corrective action but often results in a steady-state offset.
2. I - Integral: Accounts for past values of the error and integrates them over time. Its primary role is to eliminate the steady-state offset.
3. D - Derivative: Estimates the future trend of the error based on its current rate of change. It provides a damping effect, reducing overshoot and improving stability.
Step 3: Final Answer:
A PID controller combines all three actions: Proportional, Integral, and Derivative.
A PID controller is a control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems to maintain an output at a desired setpoint.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The acronym PID stands for:
1. P - Proportional: Produces an output proportional to the current error value. It provides the bulk of the corrective action but often results in a steady-state offset.
2. I - Integral: Accounts for past values of the error and integrates them over time. Its primary role is to eliminate the steady-state offset.
3. D - Derivative: Estimates the future trend of the error based on its current rate of change. It provides a damping effect, reducing overshoot and improving stability.
Step 3: Final Answer:
A PID controller combines all three actions: Proportional, Integral, and Derivative.
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Given: For \( G = \frac{1}{(\tau s + 1)^2} \), the unit step output response is: \[ y(t) = 1 - \left(1 + \frac{t}{\tau}\right)e^{-t/\tau} \] The first and second derivatives of \( y(t) \) are: \[ \frac{dy(t)}{dt} = \frac{t}{\tau^2} e^{-t/\tau} \] \[ \frac{d^2y(t)}{dt^2} = \frac{1}{\tau^2} \left(1 - \frac{t}{\tau}\right) e^{-t/\tau} \]- The block diagram of a series cascade control system (with time in minutes) is shown in the figure. For \( \tau_1 = 8 \) min and \( K_s^c = 1 \), the maximum value of \( K_m^c \), below which the cascade control system is stable, is \_\_\_\_ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
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