List of top Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics Questions on Fluid flow asked in GATE ES

In the context of fluid flow, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

In a rectangular open channel, the flow is critical, and the flow depth is 2 m. Select the correct statement(s)

Consider two horizontal layers of an aquifer as shown in figure. Each layer is isotropic and homogeneous. Flow is parallel to the stratification. Thickness and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of layer-1 are $h_1$i and $K_1$, respectively. Thickness and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of layer-2 are $h_2$ and $K_2$, respectively, where $h_1$ is not equal to $h_2$. The equivalent horizontal conductivity $K_x$ for the aquifer system is given by _____

Water is flowing FULL through a rectangular tunnel of size 3 m (width) × 2 m (height). The average velocity of flow is 1 m/s. The frictional head loss is observed to be 1 m per km. Consider acceleration due to gravity (g) as 10 \(m/s^2\). The correct statement(s) is/are

A pipeline delivers 20 L/s of oil (kinematic viscosity = \( 6 \times 10^{-6} \, m^2/s \), specific gravity = 0.9) under laminar flow. Minimum diameter of pipe is ________________ (in m, rounded off to two decimal places).

Two reservoirs differ by 20 m in water levels and are connected through a confined aquifer (thickness = 5 m, length = 2 km, hydraulic conductivity $K = 3\times10^{-3}$ m/s, porosity $\eta = 0.3$). If Reservoir 1 is contaminated, the time (in days, rounded off to one decimal place) taken by the pollutant to reach Reservoir 2 by advection is __________.