Acid catalysed hydrolysis of ethyl acetate follows a pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to ester. If the reaction is carried out with large excess of ester, the order with respect to ester will be
$CH_{2}COOC_{2}H_{5}+H_{2}O \ce{<=>} CH_{3} COOH +C_{2} H_{5}OH$ If above reaction is carried out with large excess of ester, the rate of reaction does not depend upon cencentration of both the reactants. Due to which, the reaction becomes of zero order
Chemical kineticsis the description of the rate of a chemical reaction. This is the rate at which the reactants are transformed into products. This may take place by abiotic or by biological systems, such as microbial metabolism.
Rate of a Chemical Reaction:
The speed of a reaction or the rate of a reaction can be defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product in unit time. To be more specific, it can be expressed in terms of: (i) the rate of decrease in the concentration of any one of the reactants, or (ii) the rate of increase in concentration of any one of the products. Consider a hypothetical reaction, assuming that the volume of the system remains constant. R → P
The concentration of Reactants - According to collision theory, which is discussed later, reactant molecules collide with each other to form products.
Nature of the Reactants - The reaction rate also depends on the types of substances that are reacting.
Physical State of Reactants - The physical state of a reactant whether it is solid, liquid, or gas can greatly affect the rate of change.
Surface Area of Reactants - When two or more reactants are in the same phase of fluid, their particles collide more often than when either or both are in the solid phase or when they are in a heterogeneous mixture. In a heterogeneous medium, the collision between the particles occurs at an interface between phases. Compared to the homogeneous case, the number of collisions between reactants per unit time is significantly reduced, and so is the reaction rate.
Temperature - If the temperature is increased, the number of collisions between reactant molecules per second. Increases, thereby increasing the rate of the reaction.
Effect Of Solvent - The nature of the solvent also depends on the reaction rate of the solute particles.
Catalyst -Catalysts alter the rate of the reaction by changing the reaction mechanism.
