List of top Logical Reasoning Questions on Statements and Arguments

In English tort law, the principle of ‘strict liability’ is applied to hold a person legally responsible for the consequences flowing from an activity, even in the absence of fault or criminal intent on the person’s part. In 1987, the Supreme Court of India introduced a new principle- ‘absolute liability’, a far more stringent rule of liability without any exceptions, particularly to deal with industrial accidents. This principle imposed a liability on individuals who engaged in an inherently dangerous or hazardous activity for any harm done to any person while carrying out the activity.
Which one of the following assumptions is necessary to ensure the above argument logically follows?

Some children’s books which were published in the 1950s contain racist and sexist language that would be unacceptable today. These books should be re-published with the racist and sexist language omitted. Which of the following most strengthens the above argument?

Certain tennis tournaments have started a policy for equal pay for men and women players. Critics of the policy argue that because men’s matches generate more revenue than women’s matches, this policy is ill-conceived. Which of the following most weakens the critics’ argument?

Not wearing a seatbelt in a moving vehicle is illegal and punishable. However, X argues that since not wearing a seatbelt can at most only harm the person who has chosen not to wear a seatbelt, and does not harm any other person, it should not be illegal or punishable.
Which of the following facts, if true, would weaken X’s argument?

Certain tennis tournaments have started a policy for equal pay for men and women players. Supporters of the policy argue that lack of equal pay would violate the principle of equal pay for equal work. Which of the following arguments most weakens the supporters’ argument?

A town was faced with the problem of an excessive number of rats. To solve this, the town started offering a financial reward for every rat killed, which was to be proved by showing the severed tail of the rat.
Which of the following facts, if true, would be an argument in favour of the town’s policy?

Cities are the engines of a nation’s progress. However, many cities are poorly managed and struggle to provide a basic standard of living to many residents. At the core of the problem is the question of autonomy of cities that are almost always dependent on central or state governments for even basic needs. A new report suggests that this can be remedied through constitutional amendments to provide more autonomy, means of revenuegeneration and discretion in spending to cities. Which of the below facts, if true, most weakens the above argument?

Some Ships are Boats. All Boats are submarines. Some Submarines are Yachts. Examine the following statements:
I) Some Yachts are Boats
II) Some Submarines are Ships
III) Some Yachts are Ships
Choose the most appropriate answer:

Some Rivers are Ponds. All Ponds are Ocean. No Ocean is Sea. Examine the conclusions:
I) Some Ponds are Sea
II) All Rivers are Ocean
III) Some Sea may be a River
Which of the conclusions necessarily follows ? Choose the most appropriate answer:

All Philosophers are logicians. Some logicians are critical thinkers. All Critical thinkers are rationalist. Z is a rationalist. Examine the following
statements:
I. Z is a logician
II. Z may be a logician
III. Z is a Philosopher
IV. Z is a critical thinker
Choose the most appropriate answer.

All Watches are Chronographs. Some Chronographs are antiques. All Antiques are expensive. D is a Chronograph. Which of the statement necessarily follows ?

All ducks are birds. Some birds fly, and no reptiles are birds. A snake is a reptile. If the above are true, which of the following would also be true?

All Cats are singers. All birds dance. Some Cats are birds. Albert Einstein is a Singer. Examine the following statements:
I. Albert Einstein does not dance
II. Albert Einstein dances
III. Albert Einstein is a bird
IV. Albert Einstein is not a bird
V. Albert Einstein is not a cat
VI. Albert Einstein is a cat
Which of the following conclusion(s) is necessarily correct? Choose the most appropriate answer.

All Supreme Court judgements are binding on all High Courts. All High Court judgements have persuasive value in other High Courts. Some High Court judgements also have persuasive value in the Supreme Court. Examine the following statements:
I. Some High Court judgments are binding on the Supreme Court. 
II. Some judgements with persuasive value are binding on High Courts.
III. Some High Court judgements are persuasive in both the Supreme Court and the High Courts. 
Choose the most appropriate answer.

Statement: The World Bank estimates that India is one of the highest-ranking countries in the world for the number of children suffering from malnutrition.
Action : I. Government, People and various NGOs should come together and try to eradicate the problem. II. Government should take financial help from foreign countries to eradicate this problem.

Statement: An advertisement of a company XYZ - "If you are a software engineer, we want to hire you".
Conclusion: I. Company hires no person with other qualification. II. Company XYZ is in need of software engineers

If MILD is written as NKOH, then GATE will be written as

Automation, however essential it may be to maximise a country's economic production and minimise its costs, should be rejected. The health care industry wants to increase revenues while reducing costs. Hence, it proposes greater automation of health care. This radical automation of health care would cause patients to lose trust in the system as the health care they would receive would lack the personal touch that, according to several studies, patients desire.
Which of the following expresses the main point of the argument?

Even before the coronavirus, lack of sleep was a simmering public-health crisis associated with a suite of maladies. Roughly 10 to 15 percent of people worldwide were suffering from chronic insomnia, the struggle to fall or stay asleep at least three nights a week for three months or longer. Crises such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks are known to trigger short-term sleeplessness. But experts say the pandemic’s unprecedented global impact and protracted nature threaten to expand the rate of chronic insomnia, which is much harder to treat.Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument ?

Ethanol can be blended into petrol to reduce the quantity of petrol required to run a vehicle, thus reducing dependency on imported, costly and polluting petroleum. For India to meet its target of 20% ethanol blended in petrol by the year 2025 (commonly known as the E20 target), it will have to bring in more land under cultivation of feedstock – agricultural products that can be converted into ethanol – area that can be better utilised for the generation of renewable energy and for furthering the electric vehicles adoption programme in the country, according to a new report. Besides, the ethanol target will not reduce earth-warming emissions drastically, it may be detrimental to India’s food security, and will only help us inch towards energy security, experts say.
The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which of the following is assumed ?

Issue : As of April 2022, a few cases of the COVID XE variant have been found in India, which may be more transmissible than previous variants.
Person 1 : (in April 2022): The government should institute a national lockdown pre-emptively to prevent a potential new wave of COVID XE. Although lockdowns cause great difficulty for people, there is no other way to prevent a potential new wave.
Person 2 : (in April 2022): A national lockdown is a drastic measure that severely harms businesses and people. The risk posed by the new COVID XE variant does not justify a national lockdown, at least at this stage.
Which of the following is correct ?

Legislator: We recently evaluated the impact that an amendment to a particular national legislation would have on the population, by undertaking a survey in the most populous state of the country as well as a nation-wide survey. We were unable to get any information from the national survey results. However, we found that the response to the amendment was highly promising in the state-wide survey. We concluded that the national population’s response would be promising as well. The Legislator’s reasoning does which of the following ?

Statement : The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill, 2022 (“Bill”) seeks to authorise the taking of measurements (such as finger-impressions) of convicts and other persons for the purposes of identification and investigation in criminal matters.
Person 1 : The Bill should not become a law because it allows for collection of measurements without any provisions for data protection.
Person 2 : I disagree. Data protection measures can be developed. But the Bill will help law enforcement agencies to utilise the latest technology to identify criminals.
Which of the following is correct ?

Issue : Is Lebron James the best professional basketball player of all time ?
Argument 1 : Yes. Lebron James has had the largest fan base among all professional basketball players in the history of the sport.
Argument 2 : No. Lebron James has changed his team too many times.
Argument 3 : Yes. No other player has scored more points in their professional career than Lebron James has.
Choose the most appropriate answer

Cocoa is rich in plant chemicals called flavanols that may help to protect the heart. Dark chocolate contains up to 2-3 times more flavanol-rich cocoa solids than milk chocolate. Flavanols have been shown to support the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the endolethium (the inner cell lining of blood vessels) that helps to relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow, thereby lowering blood pressure. Flavanols in chocolate can increase insulin sensitivity in short term studies; in the long run this could reduce risk of diabetes. Which of the following, if true, strengthens the explanation above ?